Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2008 : Agra India 22 to 24 September 2008 (3 Vols-Set) by V K Kanjlia; T Ramamurthy; P P Wahi and A C Gupta

New Delhi: Central Board of Irrigation. Hardbound. As New. Contents Vol. I Foreword. Section 1. Planning Investigation and Design of Tunnel Cavern and Underground Projects I. Planning Investigation and Interpretation of Geological Data 1. Managing adverse geological occurrences Key to accelerated implementation of underground hydropower projects/A.K. Bajaj T.P. Singh and J. Chandrashekhar Iyer. 2. Multi discipline geological and geotechnical investigation for hazard evaluation of active reverse fault in central sector of Ahwaz urban railway/B.A. Samani A.A. Safikhani B. Esmaeili M. Zarea A. Amiri A. Dehdashtian and M. Liaghatjoo. 3. Planning and design of a large diameter drainage tunnel for North West Hong Kong Island/David Salisbury Louis C.T. Wong and Johnathan and M.H. Leung. 4. Underground repository facility for nuclear waste Underground characterisation and research facility Onkalo/Erkki Palonen Sanna Mustonen and Timo Aikas. 5. Geotechnical investigation of Matnar Hydel Project District Bastar Chhattisgarh/Gautam Saha. 6. Geotechnical investigations in the planning of powerhouse complex of Tehri Dam Project (Stage I) India/Harish Bahuguna H.C. Khanduri D.P. Dangwal P.K. Gajbhiye and I. Chakraborty. 7. Westmetro The western extension of the Helsinki Metro System/Harri Tanska Riku Raitala and Jouni Rautiainen. 8. Study on the Linkage Control Technique of highway tunnel group/HE Chuan and Fang Yong. 9. Planning design and construction of headrace tunnel for an underground Hydro Electric Project/K. Gopal V. Gopalakrishnan and C. Purushothaman. 10. Tunnel laser scanning current systems applications and research activities/Klaus Chmelina. 11. Tunnel enclosing rock analysis based on digital image processing/Leng Biao Qiu Wenge and Wu Mingfang. 12. Gas ground investigation for tunneling works at Hung Hom Freight Depot Hong Kong/Nigel R. Wightman and Alexander Mackay. 13. Site investigations and geotechnical characterization for the design of a highway tunnel across Pir Panjal Range in Jammu and Kashmir India/S.K. Mathur and R.C. Bhandari. 14. A seismic exploration system around and ahead of tunnel excavation Onsite/Stefan Luth Rudiger Giese and Aissa Rechlin. 15. Analysis on geological factors having impact on deformation of surrounding rock masses of large cross section highway tunnels/Yang Hui jun and Zhai Jin ying. II. Engineering classification and characterization of rock mass 16. Prediction of ground conditions ahead of the tunnel face using the correlation matrix and horizontal inclinometer/Hyun Jin Shim and Il Yeong Han. 17. Behaviour of the tunnel affected by adjacent slope excavation in a jointed rock mass/J.W. Lee B.J. Oh and S.D. Lee. 18. Relationship of drilling data and rock properties using drilling data acquisition system/Kwang Yeom Kim Chang Yong Kim Kwang Sik Kim and Hyo Kwan Yoon. 19. Characterisation of hard rock according to the observational method and value of information analysis/Miriam Zetterlund Lars Rosen Lars O. Ericsson and Tommy Norberg. 20. Latest laboratory test results of rock mass behaviour dependency on the parameter temperature /Robert Galler and Uwe Restner. III. Hydraulic and structural design of tunnels 21. Design and excavation of the Blanka Tunnel/Alexandr Butovic and Miroslav Padevet. 22. The influence of in situ stress state on tunnel design/Antiga Andrea and Coppola Pietro. 23. A study on vertical earth pressure acted on Precast Arch Culvert Tunnel/G.P. Lee S.W. Lee S.W. Choi and J.H. Hwang. 24. Quasi coupling numeric analysis during underground construction by Horizontal Ground Freezing Method/Geng Ping H.E. Chuan Yan Qixiang and Wang Bo. 25. Numerical modelling of a tunnel Turecky VRCH in GEO MKP/Jan Pruska and Michal Sejnoha. 26. Design of the Patnitop Tunnel/Martin Srb Petr Svoboda and Matous Hildar. 27. Optimisation structural capacity Amsterdam bored tunnel by appropriate joint design/W.H.N.C. van Empel F.J. Kaalberg and F.P. Haring. 28. Dynamic responses of spatial overlapping tunnels induced by passing trains/Yingxuan Jia Weining Liu Xiaojing Sun Weifeng Liu and Hougui Zhang. IV. Stabilization and support system for tunnelling 29. Laboratory and field investigation on improved soil nails/Carla L. Zenti Donatella Sterpi and Cristiano Bonomi. 30. Self supporting Shotcrete tunnel linings resistance from 30°C to 1300°C/Celine Feron Catherine Larive and Gilles Chatenoud. 31. Tender document specifications for pipe umbrella installation methods/Gunther M. Volkmann and Wulf Schubert. 32. The control of the braced wall displacement by pre loading to keep the adjacent tunnel in safe/I. Kim and S.D. Lee. 33. Back analysis for effective design of bolt reinforcement a case study for design of shaft/J. Malik A. Kolcun V.V.R. Prasad and J.K. Mohnot. 34. Rock support methods for shafts and large span roof in the underground service and parking facilities in downtown Helsinki Finland/J. Polla A. Varsamaki and P. Loukonen. 35. Lining structure of the long tunnel at great depth bored with 12.84m diameter TBM/Mamoru Moriyama Mitsutaro Terada Shinji Kobayashi and Tomohiro Fujino. 36. Design of support system for main cavities of Baglihar Hydroelectric Project (450 MW) in J and K A case study/Satish Kumar Sharma. 37. Volume controlled grouting for compensation of drainage induced settlements/Vincenza Floria Claudio Lombardo Giordano Russo and Corrado Fidelibus. 38. Technical advances of self drilling rock reinforcement and ground control systems/Wolfgang Dolsak. V. Analysis and design methodologies including effect of seismicity on the underground structure 39. Introductory tunnel design Lining types and selection a case history of large span soft ground tunnel design/B.F. Townsend C.R. Speers and H. Lagger. 40. HSR Tunnel construction and design monitoring of Hukou HSR Tunnel a case history/Bradford F. Townsend and Colin Speers. 41. Design of the Busan Geoje immersed tunnel for accidental events and extreme loads/Casper Paludan Muller Jorgen Kampmann Michael Tonnesen and Inger Birgitte Kroon. 42. Pre grouting design and evaluation in an underground excavation a case study/Christian Butron Gunnar Gustafson and Johan Funehag. 43. Determination of the coefficient of earth pressure at rest in situ in over consolidated clay/Eszter Kalman. 44. Brenner Base Tunnel numerical studies for large cross sections with high overburden/F. Krenn and G. Caccavo. 45. Basic studies on earthquake damage to shallow mountain tunnels/H. Miyabayashi T. Tosaka A. Isogai Y. Kojima K. Yashiro J. Saito and T. Asakura. 46. Gotthard base tunnel rock burst phenomena in a fault zone measuring and modelling results/Heinz Hagedorn Rolf Stadelmann and Stephan Husen. 47. DOT Tunnelling based on immune multiple model control/Hu Min Zhou WenBo and Wu Hui Ming. 48. Evaluation of excavating sequences of shallow multi arch tunnel under asymmetrical pressure/J.S. Yang Y.X. Zhang S.J. Deng and S.J. Gao. 49. Optimal reinforcement of slope adjacent to tunnel in a jointed rock mass/J.W. Lee S.H. Lee C.Y. Choi and S.D. Lee. 50. Simplified seismic design approach using pushover considerations and ring compression theory for a concrete segmented liner/Jon Kaneshiro and Manwendra Sinha. 51. Laboratory test and numerical analysis on the support effect of the deviated longitudinal pipe and its number to be added/K.W. Seo W.K. Kim T. Domon and K. Nishimura. 52. Numerical modelling of grout spread and leakage into a tunnel in hard rock a case study/Lisa Hernqvist Asa Fransson and Patrik Vidstrand. 53. Numerical investigations for stability analysis of a large underground station of Tehran Metro/M.H. Sadaghiani and S.R Taheri. 54. A full 3 D finite element analysis of the interaction between river crossing tunnelling and adjacent building/Ma Keshuan and Ding Lieyun. 55. Design criteria for permeation grouting in hard rock at great depths/Magnus Axelsson Gunnar Gustafson Asa Fransson and Johan Funehag. 56. Estimation of essential air flow for locomotive in tunnel that excavated by TBM (Shiraz urban subway case study)/Mehran Khosrowtash and Mohammad Khosrowtash. 57. Effect of seismicity on rock support in tunnels/Rajinder Bhasin Kaare Hoeg and Mostafa Abokhalil. 58. Effect of strain softening on tunnel behaviour/Rakesh Kumar K.G. Sharma and A. Varadarajan. 59. Geological investigation and support design of tunnel located in limestone area/Sangeun Lee Gyocheol Jeong Sungrae Chung and Byungsik Chun. 60. A study on tunnel excavation method by means of evaluation of safety zone at tunnel inter crossing area/Sangeun Lee Woosung Kim and Dohyung Kim. 61. A study on tunnel cross section design with particular consideration of aerodynamic characteristics for the Honam H.S.R/Kim Seon Hong Moon Yeon Oh Seok Jin Ho Kim Ki Lim Kim Chan Dong and Yoo Ho Sik. 62. A study on the safety assessment technique of a tunnel using critical strain concept/S.H. Park M.H. Ha G.R. Park and Y.S. Shin. 63. Study on behaviour characteristics of faulted rock using stress history analysis/Sungyoull Ahn and Sangeun Lee. 64. Three dimensional analysis method of seismic resistance of large tunnel structure using large scale numerical computation of soil tunnel system/T. Yamada N. Ohbo H. Itami T. Ichimura and M. Hori. 65. Predictive analysis of tunnelling difficulty/Takumi Shidahara Koichi Shin Masataka Sawada Yoshiku Inohara Toru Arai and Makoto Asakawa. 66. Impact of a constitutive model on inverse analysis of a NATM Tunnel in stiff clays/Tomas Svoboda and David Masin. 67. Three dimensional numerical analysis of underground works at Xiaolangdi Multipurpose Project in China/Vijai Saran and Einar Broch. 68. Criteria for crossing pressure tunnels/William Bergeson and Verya Nasri. 69. A study by means of numerical analysis on the excavation of tunnel portal zone located at high steep slope/Woosung Kim Sangeun Lee and Kwanghyun Ha. 70. Response characteristics of underground rock cavern subjected to blast load/Xue ying Wei and Zhiye Zhao. Vol. II. Section 1. Planning investigation and design of tunnel cavern and underground projects I. Determination of in situ stresses for underground excavation 1. In situ stress measurements in rock mass for underground structures a case study/D.V. Sarwade K.K. Mishra V.K. Kapoor and Nripendra Kumar. 2. A new stress prediction technique of tunnel shotcrete lining from deformation of a borehole/H.S. Shin D.G. Kim J.H. Hwang S.H. Lee and G.J. Bae. 3. Analysis of couple problem of ground stress and temperature stress fields in tunnel of fissured surrounding rock in cold region/Qiu Wenge Sun Bing Zhang Huijian and Wu Mingfang. II. Instrumentation monitoring back analysis and modelling methodologies 4. Study on immediate ring closure effect in tunnelling through numerical analysis/Hideto Mashimo Atsushi Kusaka and Masayuki Mizukawa. 5. Thermal measurement Part of observation monitoring/Jaroslav Pacovsky. 6. Applicability of non destructive evaluation technique for rock bolt integrity using time frequency analysis/Jong Sub Lee Bok Ki Min Jung Doung Yu In Mo Lee Shin In Han and Yong Jun Lee. 7. Measurement of tunnel 3 D displacement using digital Photogrammetry/Kwang Yeom Kim Chang Yong Kim and Seung Do Lee. 8. Stresses measured in the tunnel lining of the new Schluchtern tunnel current status and experience/Roland Leucker Matthias Breidenstein and Claus Wirtz. 9. Developing reliable mutually independent tele paths in SCADA networks of tunnel/mining spaces/Li Yen Hsu. 10. A numerical analysis for the comparison of support behaviour between conventional rock bolt and spiral bolt/M.K. Song S.Y. Choo S.S. Kang and Y.D. Cho. 11. Determination of tunnel deterioration and future life expectancy from assessment of in situ monitoring/Martin Vanicek Jan Pruska and Ivan Vanicek. 12. Evaluation of bearing capacity of multiple non circular shallow tunnel linings in urban areas/N.N. Fotieva P.V. Deev and N.S. Bulychev. 13. Field measurements of the performance of a six lane multi arch highway tunnel/R.H. Jia J.S. Yang Q.T. Qin and Y.X. Zhang. 14. Instrumentation and monitoring of underground structures and metro railway tunnels/V.K. Rastogi. Section 2. Tunnel and cavern construction technologies and equipment I. Construction methodologies for tunnels caverns underground storages including remedial measures for large collapses 15. New railway base tunnels through the European ALPS/A. Busslinger Ch. Rudin and P. Reinke. 16. Injection techniques ensuring safety of the underground structures built in the fissured water soluble rocks/A.B. Kondratov. 17. The construction of the San Cristobal Tunnel (Santiago De Chile)/Ana C. Contreras Pedro Meyer Manuel de Cabo Jose M. Galera and Enrique Fernandez. 18. BEG Lot H5 an example of interaction between geological knowledge and tunnel design in difficult ground conditions/Bernhard Stacherl Gernot Jedlitschka and Marcus Scholz. 19. Influencing factors on groundwater drawdown induced ground settlement during tunnelling/C. Yoo S.B. Kim J.W. Kim and K.H. You. 20. Implementation of the Limerick tunnel through a PPP Scheme/Casper Paludan Muller and Donal Minnock. 21. Influence of Granulometry time and temperature on soil conditioning for EPBS applications/Daniele Peila Claudio Oggeri and Luca Borio. 22. Construction of long traffic tunnels in Norway/Einar Broch and Eivind Grov. 23. Brenner Base Tunnel parametric studies for a multi tube project/F. Krenn. 24. The artificial ground freezing technique application for the Naples underground/Giuseppe Colombo Pietro Lunardi Bruno Cavagna Giovanna Cassani and Vittorio Manassero. 25. Final concrete linings with optimized reinforcement/Giuseppe Tiberti and Giovanni Plizzari. 26. Underground facilities for better environment and safety maintenance operation and safety/Gunnar Gjaeringen. 27. Challenges in design and construction of HRT of Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project (1500 MW) a case study/H.K. Sharma J.K. Sharma R.S. Chauhan and Sudhir Kuthiala. 28. Quality assurance of pressure shafts of Tala Hydroelectric Project in Bhutan/Hari Dev U.S. Vidyarthi Rajbal Singh and R.K. Jogota. 29. Application of resin grout in Taiwan tunnelling/Hong Shiang Liu Chi Tso Chang Chung Ren Huang and Ping cheng Hou. 30. Construction planning of 15 km head race tunnel of Rampur Hydro Electric Project (412 MW)/J.K. Sharma R.S. Chauhan P.K. Verma and Rakesh Sehgal. 31. Planning of 38 km long twin tunnel HRT of 775 MW Luhri Hydro Electric Project (H.P.)/J.K. Sharma R.S. Chauhan and R.N. Sharma. 32. New pedestrian subway in Prague/Jaroslav Nemecek Tomas Louzensky and Martin Novotny. 33. Coping with difficult ground and 2000m of cover in Peru/Joe Roby Desiree Willis Biaggio S. Carollo and Odd G. Askilsrud. 34. The art of drill plan design/Juha Kukkonen. 35. Underground storage a summary on first Indian cavern for LPG storage/K.S.R.K. Verma K. Vijaya Bhaskar and S. Elangovan. 36. Development of the high and early strength ultrafine cement grouting/Kangho Lee Changsoo Hong Hyungkyum Kim and Joonhee Ahn. 37. The latest development within the drill and blast tunnelling excavation technique/Karl Heinz Wennmohs and Gunnar Nord. 38. Problems of calculation of underground construction on limiting states of service ability/Levan Japaridze. 39. Optimisation of Corrosion Protection Lining (CPL) thickness for concrete sewer tunnels/Logan N. Loganathan Richard F. Flanagan and Tan Boon Tee. 40. Underground excavation with road headers case studies/M.M. Madan. 41. Design and construction of tunnel shoring system by jet grouting on the Palm Jumeirah Island Dubai/Mikhail Ryjevski Valentina Kravchenko and Kirill Shramko. 42. Design and construction underground structures and tunnels on Jumeirah Palm Island/Mikhail Ryjevski. 43. 12.84 m Diameter TBM excavated the long expressway tunnel with 1000 m overburden/Mitsutaro Terada Mamoru Moriyama Tetsuya Yamazaki and Shinji Kobayashi. 44. Excavation of the long evacuation tunnel in the underground with high pressure ground water by TBM of 4.5m in diameter/Mitsutaro Terada Toshiyuki Matsubara Mamoru Moriyama and Masahiro Nakata. 45. Deep tunnelling in fault zone case study in Kuhrang 3 water conveyance tunnel/A.E. Movahednejad. 46. Trust exploration ahead of the tunnel face for reducing tunnelling risks and supporting decision making/Norbert Benecke Boris A. Dombrowski and Bodo Lehmann. 47. Importance of geological and geotechnical model upgrading for the tunnel / station interface during the TBM breakthrough on the Dubai Metro Project/Pierre Beau Mohamed Maghazy and Elena Chiriotti. 48. Study on vibration influence on existed tunnel by blasting construction of underpass diversion tunnel in short distance/QIU Wen ge Gong Lun Zhang Jun ru and Hu Hui. 49. Concreting behind steel liner at large heights a case study/R.D. Varangaonkar. 50. Construction of Teesta head race tunnel lot TT 3 innovative approach of Gammon for this mega project/R.K. Khali and M.S. Bisaria. 51. Construction of diversion tunnel for Sewa H.E. Project a case study/R.K. Khali. 52. Rehabilitation of concrete lined tunnels using a composite sprayed liner with sprayed concrete and sprayable waterproofing membrane the Chekka Road Tunnel Lebanon/Roger Makhlouf and Karl Gunnar Holter. 53. Directional core drilling in tunnel construction/Rune Lindhjem and Chris Tai. 54. Underwater arrival of shield machine and its launching inside a vertical shaft/Ryuji Okada Tadashi Hara and Katsutoyo Yasui. 55. Case study tunnel excavation by roadheader for railway tunnel/S.D. Jeur and Nitin Krishnaji Pathak. 56. Managing geotechnical problems during underground construction of Tehri HPP/S.K. Shukla G.M. Prasad R.K. Vishnoi and T.S. Routela. 57. Design and construction of mined tunnels in challenging site condition/S.Y. Tong R. Stadelmann C.R. Mann S.K. Tang M. Marotta M.C. Joshi V. Singhal and C.N. Ow. 58. The Hallandsas Project Sweden complex tunnelling for the future/Simon Taylor and Robert Sturk. 59. Selection of excavation methods for large cross section tunnels on passenger dedicated railways/Chang Xiang Sun Zhaoyuan and Zhai Jinying. 60. Refurbishment in squeezing ground on large scale lesson learned from the southern section of the Gotthard Base Tunnel/T. Bachmann and I. Vicenzi. 61. Construction of the desilting chambers for the Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project India/T.G. Carter M.J. Telesnicki M.L. Kenny D.M. Brophy J.L. Carvalho D.E. Steels and H.S. Dhillon. 62. A new structural solution for protection against rocks falling/Teodor Iftimie Nicolae Ungurean Liliana Balanean and Doru Zdrenghea. 63. Introduction of the tunnel divergence works using a new material segment/Tsutomu Kimura. 64. Construction of India's largest underground Railway Project/Vinod Kumar. 65. A study on the application of a contour quality index in a drill and blast tunnel/Yangkyun Kim and Amund Bruland. II. Tunnelling in urban areas 66. Should we / can we avoid underground urban mass transit systems/Jean Paul Godard. 67. Selection of alignment and tunnelling methods in urban settings/J. Rudolf V. Gall and A. Nitschke. 68. Long term studies of stressed deformed state of underground constructions in saint Petersburg Metro/K.P. Bezrodny A.I. Salan and M.O. Lebedev. 69. The PAT methodology as a guarantee to successful tunnelling in urban areas/Piergiorgio Grasso Shulin Xu and Vittorio Guglielmetti. 70. Study on zoning of adjacent influence on shallow embedded and overlap metro tunnels constructed by conventional method/Qiu Wenge Zheng Yuchao and Hu Hui. 71. Design of second avenue subway in New York/Verya Nasri. 72. Vibration impacts on adjacent sensitive buildings induced by metro trains/Xiaojing Sun Weining Liu Dawen Xie and Yingxuan Jia. 73. Problems of shield tunnelling on Beijing metro and solution/Xinjin Zhang Weining Liu and Meili Lu. Vol. III Section 2 Tunnel and Cavern Construction Technologies and Equipment I. Soft Ground Tunnelling Including Shotcrete Methods 1. Construction of the Sentvid Tunnel with the Caverns in Ljubljana Slovenia/Andreja Popit and Joze Rant. 2. Problem in tunnelling in railway projects with special reference to North Eastern Region of India/Guru Prakash Fateh Singh Meena and Anand Prakash. 3. Design of the second tunnel of a Twin Tunnel Project based on the results of the survey and construction of the preceding tunnel/Hiroshi Yagi Mitsuhiro Kishimoto Yasutoshi Yoshida and Kouji Tamamura. 4. Soft ground excavation of the Brezno Tunnel/Matous Hilar Jaromir Hert and Roman Smida. II. New Developments TBM performance and NATM experience 5. Critical NATM underground stations for the Bangkok MRTA blue line extension project/Chat Chaiwonglek and Suchatvee Suwansawat. 6. Construction of Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel NATM experience in the Himalayas/F. Prinzl V. Bhardwaj A.H. Guvenc and A. Garg. 7. The effects of soil conditioning on the operation of earth pressure balance machines/F.X. Borghi and R.J. Mair. 8. Tunnel technology transfer example for international cooperation/Harald Wagner. 9. TBM technology for large to very large tunnel profiles/Martin Herrenknecht and Karin Bappler. 10. State of the art and current design approaches in TBM technology/Martin Herrenknecht and Karin Bappler. 11. A review of the performance of the tunneling for Singapore's Circle Line Project/N.H. Osborne C. Knight Hassell L.C. Tan and R. Wong. 12. The selection of a TBM using full scale laboratory tests and comparison of measured and predicted performance values in Istanbul Kozyatagi Kadikoy Metro Tunnels/Nuh Bilgin Hanifi Copur Cemal Balci Deniz Tumac Mustafa Akgul and Ali Yuksel. 13. New tunnels for the National Highway NH 1A in India/Petr Svoboda Martin Srb and Matous Hilar. 14. Evaluation of TBM performance in a Himalayan tunnel/R.K. Goel. 15. Construction of mined tunnel in soft ground with NATM in Pirpanjal Tunnel VA (KM. 152.600 KM. 158.730)/S.D. Jeur and M. Gupta. 16. Tunnel boring machine in India experience prospects and challenges/S.K. Sengupta P.K. Saxena and S.S. Bakshi. 17. Penetration rate of TBMs/T. Ramamurthy. 18. Application of full face cutting method to urban NATM tunnel and conservation of buildings over tunnel/Toru Terayama Kazuhiro Tsuno Takashi Utsumi and Aishi Hirukawa. 19. Slurry face rock TBM outfall tunnel in Detroit Michigan USA/William H. Hansmire and Parvez Jafri. 20. NATM experience in Pir Panjal Rail Tunnel/Aishwarya Kumar Bhanu Prakash and Yogesh Velapure. 21. The design and construction of the Han riverbed tunnel by EPB shield TBM and GK (Busan Geoje) immersed tunnel in Korea/Yong li Kim Ki Hyun Baek Kyung Won Seo and Jang su kim. 22. Practical techniques for design and construction management of urban NATM Projects in quaternary unconsolidated cohesive soil ground/Yorita Junichi Okamura Mitsumasa Ishigaki Kazuaki and Asakura Toshihiro. 23. New applications of the excavability index for section of TBM types and predicting their performance/Z.T. Bieniawski B. Celada J.M. Galera and I. Tardaguila. 24. The use of a TBM in difficult ground conditions in Istanbul (Beykoz Kavacik) Sewerage tunnel/Zafer Guclucan Sermet Meric Yavuz Palakci Nuh Bilgin Cemal Balci Deniz Tumac Melih Algan Mucahit Namli and Ahmet Rufai Bilgin. III. Micro Tunnelling 25. Microtunnel boring machine performance comparison at different formations/A.B. Akkaya. 26. Construction costs for microtunnels in Turkey/A.B. Akkaya. 27. Polish experience in application of GRP pipes for microtunnelling study of cases/Cezary Madryas and Lech Skomorowski. 28. Overcoming frictional resistance during micro tunnelling using pipe jacking method/Syed Shakil Ahmed Mohammad Al Ghanem and Jack Gahir. 29. Numerical modelling approach for microtunnelling assisted pipe roof support system/V. Ahuja and R.L. Sterling. IV. Trenchless Technology Practice and Evaluation 30. Trenchless Technology for rehabilitation of sewers/Alfred Angerlehner and Christian Dobretsberger. V. Immersed tunnels and sub merged floating tunnels 31. Evaluation of hydraulic conductivity of shotcrete lining samples/Jaehyeung Jeoung Sungwon Lee and GyuphiL Lee. Section 3. Risk Management VI. Risk Analysis and Decision Making Techniques for Large Underground Projects 32. Regaining control finding the information needed for effective decision making/Alan Hodgkinson and Joseph Kaelin. 33. A framework for the risk analysis of the Gibraltar Strait Railway link Tunnel/G. Gusso and P. Grasso and A. Bensaid. 34. Hydrogeological risk analysis for tunnelling in Anisotropic rock masses/P. Gattinoni L. Scesi and S. Terrana. 35. Tunnelling in the Himalayas Risk assessment and management for tunnelling in extreme geological conditions/Ian Mcfeat Smith. 36. Risk assessment of deep underground work spaces/Jukka Pukkila and Pekka Sarkka. 37. Uncertainty and risk assessment of leakage in water tunnels a case from Nepal Himalaya/Krishna K. Panthi and Bjorn Nilsen. Section 4. Environmental and Social Impacts VII. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Underground Works and their Norms and Methodologies 38. UK response to changes in exposure limits for nitrogen monoxide/Donald Lamont Peter Walsh Paul Dowker and Paul Hoyland. 39. Modelling and analysis in environmental benefits assessment of developing underground urban freeways/Jianqiang CUI and Dong LIN. 40. Decommissioned oil caverns Risavika Norway Redevelopment of area demands reduced rock overburden accomplished due to high horizontal in situ stresses/Roger Olsson Jan Erik Sorlie and Edvard Hagman. 41. Piata Victoriei Otopeni Subway thoroughfare a new approach for environment protection in Bucharest City Romania/Viorica Ciugudean Toma Ion Stefanescu and Alina Ludu. VIII. Environmental Control in Tunnel/Cavern and Underground Spaces 42. Approval of high temperature emergency tunnel ventilation fans The impact of ISO 21927 3/A.G. Sheard and N.M. Jones. 43. Feed forward intelligent fuzzy logic control of ventilation system for highway tunnel/H.E. Chuan and Fang Yong. 44. Utility tunnel CI. a Vodickova route environmentally friendly construction for the third millennium/Jiri Svoboda and Jiri Svoboda. 45. Development of reduction techniques of dust generated in tunnel construction/Yoshio Udagawa Hidetoshi Kohashi and Takeshi Oshita. IX. Effective Ventilation in Tunnels and Practices 46. Air pollution management for the tunnel Lugano/Attilio Gorla Giacomo Gianola Marco Bettelini and Luca Colombo. 47. Exhaust treatment technologies for the tunnel Lugano an investigation on the state of the art/Attilio Gorla Marco Bettelini and Giacomo Gianola. 48. Transient one dimensional simulation for optimum road tunnel ventilation/Marco Bettelini. 49. Measuring flow rates and leakages in long tunnels/Marco Bettelini. 50. Ventilation of long tunnels/R.K. Khanna. 51. Challenges in smoke control design of a high altitude road tunnel/Richard K.C. Lau and Nai K. Chin. 52. The word's first application of the selective exhaustion tunnel ventilation system to the Hida Tunnel with 10.7 Km in length/Shinichiro Azuma Mitsutaro Terada Atsushi Sakamaki and Masahiro Nakata. Section 5. Safety Issues Standards and Policies X Fire Safety Arrangement in Tunnels 53. Transverse distribution of fire smoke in road tunnel A case study of Xuefengshan Tunnel China/AN Yong lin PENG Li min and YANG Gao shang. 54. Road tunnel protection by water mist systems implementation of full scale fire test results into a real project/Kratzmeir Stefan. 55. Conception of safety underground space development in city centers/N.S. Bulychev N.N. Fotieva A.N. Levchenko and S.R. Gilshteyn. XI. Safety Standards and Policies in Different Countries and New Developments 56. Strategic safety planning for rail in a combined rail and road tunnel/Bart (AMW) Duijvestijn Charlotte (CS) Boschloo van der Horst and Jan (J) Theeuwes. 57. ITA COSUF scope structure activities The committee on operational safety of underground facilities of the International Tunnelling and Underground Space Association/Felix Amberg. 58. Safety and health in the construction of the world's longest and deepest tunnels lessons learned during the execution of the AlpTransit Projects in Switzerland/Martin Vogel. Section 6 Contract Management and Financing of Underground Construction Works XII. Costing and Contractual Practices in Tunnel and Underground Works Including Aspects of Measurements and Payment 59. Risks sharing principle in contracts/A.K. Mishra. 60. Contract management practices a model approach/B.K. Ojha. XIII. Experience and Structure of Model Contract Document 61. Conventional tunnelling the new ITA guideline for clients contractors and tunnel engineers/Robert Galler and Heinz Ehrbar. Section 7. Research and Development 62. Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) The use of SFRC in precast segment for tunnel lining/Benoit de Rivaz. 63. The Dutch approach looking for a new tunnel concept the Totally Other Tunnel (TOT) /J.H. Jonker M.J. Kodde and K.J. Bakker. XIV. Additional Paper 64. Evaluation of rock medium on the basis of observation made in the excavation for Delhi Metro/Mangu Singh P.K. Garg and H.R. Yadav.