The ICU, the First Decade of Struggle by Alexander, Zonia

(Bloemfontein: University of the Orange Free State, unpublished MA-thesis, 1995). Octavo, red rexine, gilt, ll. (v) + 85, printed recto only. 'This paper investigates the struggles of the Black workers in the urban areas between the period 1919-1929. The reasons for researching this topic necessitated me to examine the dualistic role The Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union of Africa (ICU) played on the economic scene with regard to trade unionism as well as party politics which involved a wide spectrum of political partners such as the APO, the ANC and the Communist Party on the one hand and the Nationalist party and the liberals on the other hand. This role of the ICU did not only shape the course of the independent Black trade union movement but it was instrumental in the development and growth of Black Nationalism in South Africa.' .