Production of High Speed Light Ions Without the Use of High Voltages by Lawrence, Ernest ; Livingston, M. Stanley - 1932

Minneapolis, Minnesota: The American Physical Society, 1932. First Edition. Wraps. Near Fine. First Edition. 6, 135, [1 blank], 8 pages. 7 x 10 inches. The entire issue of the Physical Review, Vol. 40 #1 (Second Series), April 1, 1932 offered. Publisher's original green printed wrappers. A nice copy with minor browning to the covers and spine panel and a small crease to the lower corner. Wraps. The first publication of a proposed method [the cyclotron] to produce high speed protons without the use of high voltage was presented to the National Academy of Sciences in November 1930, and was published in Science in 1930 (Lawrence and Edelfson). Development was rapid, with Lawrence and Livingston (in Phys. Rev. Vol 37, p1707, 1931) publishing the results of a preliminary study of the feasibility of this method and further that testing was completed and published in August 1931 with additional proposed improvements made. The present article (starting on page 19) was published less than 6 months later,and describes the further development of the cyclotron in some depth. Together with the two earlier articles, this completes the discovery and initial application of the cyclotron as the energies generated were pushed into useful ranges. This issue also includes an article related to the discovery of deuterium by Nobel Laureate Harold Urey. Lawrence was awarded the Nobel prize for Physics in 1939 for this work, "the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" (nobel prize org) "A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator ... in which charged particles accelerate outwards from the center along a spiral path. The particles are held to a spiral trajectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying (radio frequency) electric field...For several decades, cyclotrons were the best source of high-energy beams for nuclear physics experiments; several cyclotrons are still in use for this type of research. The results enable the calculation of various properties, such as the mean spacing between atoms and the creation of various collision products. Subsequent chemical and particle analysis of the target material may give insight into nuclear transmutation of the elements used in the target. Cyclotrons can be used in particle therapy to treat cancer. Ion beams from cyclotrons can be used, as in proton therapy, to penetrate the body and kill tumors by radiation damage, while minimizing damage to healthy tissue along their path. Cyclotron beams can be used to bombard other atoms to produce short-lived positron-emitting isotopes suitable for PET imaging." (wiki) Most often found in bound ex-library volumes, we offer here the original issue of the Physical Review as it was published. See Ezhela, et al,, p 60, (Lawrence 1931B).