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World Scientific, 1990. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITIONS IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF HAWKING'S TWO PAPERS DISCUSSING BABY UNIVERSES & BLACK HOLES. In his own words: "How can a black hole give off radiation. How can anything get out through the event horizon of a black hole. The answer is, the Uncertainty Principle, allows particles to travel faster than light, for a small distance. This enables particles and radiation, to get out through the event horizon, and escape from the black hole. Thus, it is possible for things to get out of a black hole. However, what comes out of a black hole, will be different from what fell in. Only the energy will be the same. "As a black hole gives off particles and radiation, it will lose mass. This will cause the black hole to get smaller, and to send out particles more rapidly. Eventually, it will get down to zero mass, and will disappear completely. What will happen then to the objects, including possible spaceships, that fell into the black hole. According to some recent…
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Baby Universes (Modern Physics Letters A 5 No. 2 pp. 145-155, January 20, 1990) WITH Baby Universes II (Modern Physics Letters A 5 No. 7 pp. 453-466, March 20, 1990). [Two 1st editions in ORIGINAL WRAPPERS: HAWKING'S BABY UNIVERSES]
by Hawking, Stephen
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The Bakerian Lecture. Experimental Researches in Electricity Twenty-Second Series: On the crystalline polarity of bismuth and other bodies, and on its relation to the magnetic form of force AND Experimental Researches in Electricity Twenty-Second Series: On the crystalline polarity of bismuth and other bodies, and on its relation to the magnetic form of force, Part II (Faraday: pp. 1-18 and pp. 19-41) WITH On the Motion of Gases (Graham: pp. 349-393) WITH Additional Observations on the Osteology of the Iguanodon and Hylaeosaurus (Mantell, pp. 271-307) in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Parts 1 & 2, Volume 139, 1849, pp. 1-18 and pp. 19-41
by Faraday, Michael WITH Graham, Thomas WITH Mantell, Gideon
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London: Royal Society, 1849. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF TWO IMPORTANT PAPERS BY MICHAEL FARADAY, EACH PUBLISHED AS PART OF HIS LANDMARK TWENTY-NINE PAPER "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES IN ELECTRICITY" SERIES. Also included, a significant paper by Thomas Graham on the motion of gases; also, an important paper by Gideon Mantell on the iguanodon. Handsomely bound, the volume is complete with Parts 1 & 2 and includes 43 plates. FARADAY: Faraday discusses magneto-crystallic force and the abnormal behavior of various crystals in a magnetic field. Faraday "hoped that when ‘properly understood' the various phenomena examined in terms of their magnecrystallic, crystallographic and optic axes would come under ‘one law [that] will include all these phenomena'" (Kox, No Truth Except in the Details). Faraday was an English chemist and physicist often thought to be the best experimentalist in the history of science. During Faraday's earlier experiments on electro-magnetical theory he had "observed some…
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The Bakerian Lecture. An account of several new instruments and processes for determining the constants of a voltaic circuit in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 133 part II, pp. 303-329, 1843
by Wheatstone, Charles
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London: Richard and John Taylor, 1843. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF WHEATSTONE'S EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF OHM'S LAW, including a practical and simple formula by which to calculate resistance and current according to Ohm's law. In 1843, English scientist Charles Wheatstone gave a Bakerian lecture publicizing his " experimental verification of Ohm's law, helping to make the law (already well known in Germany) more familiar in England. In the lecture he also described new ways of measuring resistances and currents, including the rheostat and the so-called Wheatstone bridge, originally invented by Samuel Christie" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography, XIV, 290). "A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two circuit paths in a "bridge circuit," one of which includes the resistance to be measured. In 1833, British scientist Samuel Hunter Christie presented a Bakerian Lecture to the Royal Society that contained a…
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The Bakerian Lecture: On the Diffusion of Liquids, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 140, 1850, pp. 1-46. [1st edition extract: COLLOID CHEMISTRY, FOUNDATIONAL WORK]
by Graham, Thomas
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ORIGINAL FIRST EDITION EXTRACT OF THE FOUNDATIONAL WORK INTRODUCING THE CONCEPTS OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY. The Scottish chemist Thomas Graham "has generally been acknowledged as the founder of colloidal chemistry" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography, V). Two minor supplementary observation papers were also published and are not included here. Prior to this work, Graham's concentration had primarily been on the diffusion of gases and on polybasic compounds. However in 1849, he began to apply "to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not…
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The Bakerian Lecture: On the Theoretical Explanation of an Apparent New Polarity in Light [Extracted From] The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, volume 130, pp.225-244, 1840
by Airy, George Biddell
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London: Royal Society, 1840. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION EXTRACTS OF GEORGE BIDDELL AIRY'S 1840 BAKERIAN LECTURE. This is not an ex-library copy. No stamps of any kind. Includes a long fold-out ithographic chart. 4to. Near fine condition. Airy was an English mathematician and astronomer as well as Lucasian professor at Cambridge and Astronomer Royal. Among "his many achievements include work on planetary orbits, measuring the mean density of the Earth, a method of solution of two-dimensional problems in solid mechanics and, in his role as Astronomer Royal, establishing Greenwich as the location of the prime meridian" (Wikipedia). Airy's discovery of a new inequality in the motions of Venus and the earth is in some respects his most remarkable achievement.
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The Bakerian Lecture: On Repulsion Resulting from Radiation. Part V [Crookes] WITH New Determination of the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat [Joule] in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Volume 169, Parts I & II., 1878, pp. 365-385 [Joule]; pp. 243-318 [Crookes]
by Crookes, Sir William WITH Joule, James Prescott
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London: Harrison & Sons, 1878. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION & PRINTING OF A LONG & IMPORTANT PAPER IN THE HISTORY OF VACUUM PHYSICS BY BRITISH CHEMIST SIR WILLIAM CROOKES. In it, Crookes "looked at the effect of repulsion due to radiation on chemical precipitates, varied the characteristics of the radiation, investigated conductors and experimented with the presentation of surfaces", comparing the reactions of various substances by using radiometers (Wess, Crookes's Radiometers, Notes and Records of the Royal Society, 2010). Volume includes Parts I & II of the Phil Trans bound together and 70 plates. Of this paper, James Clerk Maxwell wrote: "Mr. Crookes describes several most extensive series of experiments. The labor, skill and ingenuity displayed in these experiments are marvelous and many of the individual results are valuable but I think the improvement of the methods of making measuring and preserving a vacuum is likely to be still more valuable to science than any of the actual experiments"…
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Behaviour of Neutral Particles Under Charge Conjugation-Article (Gell-Mann, Pais pp. 1387-1389) WITH Boson-Fermion Scattering in the Heisenberg Representation (Low, pp. 1392-1399) in The Physical Review 97, No. 5, March 1, 1955 [INDIVIDUAL ISSUE, ORIGINAL WRAPPERS]
by Gell-Man, Murray; A. Pais [Abraham] WITH Low, F. E. [Francis E.]
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Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1955. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS of a paper in which Murray Gell-Mann and Abraham Pais make an interesting prediction about the decay of the kaon. A paper by Francis Low is also included (more below). "Murray Gell-Mann and Abraham Pais (1955) used an argument based on C invariance... to discuss the production and decay of a particle known as the neutral K meson, or K0. This particle, according to a theory by Gell-Mann and Kazuo Nishijima, carried a quantum number called strangeness, with S(K0 ) = +1, and so there should exist a neutral anti-K meson, called K 0 , with S(K 0 ) = -1. The theory demanded that strangeness be conserved in K-meson production but violated in its decay. Both the K0 and the K0 should be able to decay to a pair of mesons (e.g., + ). How, then, would one tell them apart? Gell-Mann and Pais solved this problem by applying a basic idea of quantum mechanics: The particle decaying to + would have to have the same behavior…
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Beitrage zur Fixsternenkunde. 1. Methode, die scheinbaren Durchmesser sammtlicher Fixsterne in Bogenmass zu bestimmen, pp. 623-634). 2. Gedanken uber die Moglichkeit, die absoluten Entfernungen und absoluten Durchmesser der Fixsterne auf rein optischem Wege zu bestimmen, pp. 635-641. 3. Methode, die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Lichtmolekel bei der Wahrnehmung der Fixsterne am Orte des Beobachters schwingen, zu bestimmen, pp. 642-647. Three bound extracts from Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, von den Jahren 1845-1846, Volume 4 pp. 621-647. [3 PAPERS, EACH AN EXTENSION BY DOPPLER SUPPLEMENTING HIS PIVOTAL 1842 EPONYMOUS DISCOVERY]
by Doppler, Christian
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Prague: Gottlieb Haase & Sons, 1846. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF THREE PAPERS BY CHRISTIAN DOPPLER DETAILING EXTENSTIONS OF & SUPPLEMENTS TO HIS SEMINAL 1842 PAPER ON THE DOPPLER SHIFT. A handsome Sammelband binds the three works together. The papers are detailed below. Each furthers Doppler's efforts to determine the size and distance of fixed stars. While Christian Johann Doppler contributed many papers on mathematics and electricity, "his scientific fame rests... on the discovery of what was later called ‘Doppler's principle' [shift or theory], an equation relating the observed frequency of a propagating wave to the relative motion of the observer with respect to the source of vibration" (Roguin, "Christian Doppler, the Man Behind the Effect", The British Journal of Radiology, 75 (2002), 615-619). Put another way, Doppler's equation "relates the observed frequency of a wave to the motion of the source or the observer relative to the medium in which the wave is propagated... The correct…
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Beiträge zur Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie [Comments on Einstein's Theory of Gravity] (Flamm, pp. 448-454) WITH Zur Theorie des Zeeman-Effets der Wasserstofflinien, mit einem Angang ueber den Stark-Effekt (Sommerfeld, pp. 491-507) in Physikalische Zeitschrift 17, 1916
by Flamm, Ludwig with Sommerfeld, Arnold
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Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1916. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, FULL VOLUME, OF LUDWIG FLAMM'S REALIZATION THAT EINSTEIN'S FIELD EQUATIONS ALLOWED A SECOND SOLUTION. FLAMM'S SOLUTION IS NOW KNOWN AS A ‘WHITE HOLE'. Flamm's paper also first theorized the existence of wormholes (though not by name). In 1916, Ludwig Flamm, an obscure Austrian physicist, was examining Karl Schwarzchild's solution to Einstein's field equations. Schwarzchild's metric admits negative and positive square root solutions for Einstein's geometry and describes the gravitational field around "a spherically symmetric non-rotating mass. If the mass is adequately dense, the solution describes a particular form of the phenomenon now called a black hole - the Schwarzschild black hole" (306physics). "Flamm realized that Einstein's equations allowed a second solution, [now] known as a white hole, and that the two solutions, describing two different regions of space time were connected by a space time conduit. Because Einstein's theory has…
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Bemerkung zur Abhandlung von W. R. Hess: Theorie der Viscositat heterogener Systeme. Kolloidzeitschrift 27, 137, 1920
by Einstein, Albert
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1920. 1st Edition. First edition in original wraps of Einstein's review of a paper by Nobel Prize winner Walter Rudolf Hess entitled Theory of the Viscosity of Heterogeneous Systems. CONDITION: The journal was published in three sections. All three are here, all bright, clean, and in near fine condition.
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Beweis des Adiabatensatzes [Offprint from] Zeitschrift fur Physik 51 No. 3-4, pp. 1928
by Born, Max; Fock, V. (Vladimir Aleksandrovich)
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Berlin: Julius Springer, 1928. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, OFFPRINT ISSUE IN ORIGINAL PAPER WRAPS, OF BORN & FOCK'S 1928 PAPER PROVIDING THE FIRST PROOF OF THE ADIABATIC THEOREM IN QUANTUM MECHANICS. Of "central import in non-relativistic quantum mechanics", the theorem asserts that "a physical system remains in its instantaneous eigenstate if a given perturbation is acting on it slowly enough and if there is a gap between the eigenvalue and the rest of the Hamiltonian's spectrum" (Katanaev, Adiabatic Theorem, Steklov, 2011, 1; Kovchegov, A note on adiabatic theorem, 1). Max Born and Vladimir Fock's work was motivated by a point of view advocated by [Paul] Ehrenfest, "which identified classical adiabatic invariants as the observables that get quantized. The theorem they proved was geared to show that quantum numbers are preserved by adiabatic deformations. Born and Fock proved an adiabatic theorem for Hamiltonian operators, H(s), with simple discrete spectrum... Their proof covers Hamiltonians like…
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Beweis der Unmoglichkeit ergodischer Gassysteme in Annalen der Physik 42 Heft. 4 No. 14 pp. 796-806, November 4, 1913. [PROOF THE ERGODIC HYPOTHESIS IS FALSE]
by Rosenthal, Artur [Arthur]
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Leipzig: Barth, 1913. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS OF ROSENTHAL'S IMPORTANT PROOF THAT THAT THE ERGODIC HYPOTHESIS IS INCORRECT FOR ANY MECHANICAL SYSTEM. In 1913, German mathematician Artur Rosenthal (1887-1959) set out to answer the question "Can a mechanical system eventually pass through ever point on the energy surface in its phase space? Provoked little more than politely-stifled yawns from phsicists, but introduced a major new branch of mathematical research (Brush, Milestones in Mathematical Results, Transport Theory and Statistical Physics, 1, 1971). His work (along with Plancheral's) "closed the first phase of a discussion of the foundations of statistical mechanics in which Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Ehrenfest were major participants" (ibid). Ergodic theory is a branch of mathematics examining dynamical systems with an invariant measure and related problems, its development was motivated by problems of statistical physics. It developed as something of an offshoot from the…
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Bibliographie Générale de l'Astronomie, jusqu'en 1880. [General Bibliography of Astronomy to the Year 1880. 1964 new edition with Introduction by D. W. Dewhirst. Preface by A. Beer. Two volumes in three parts]
by Houzeau, J.C. ; Lancaster, A.
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London: Holland Press, 1964. 1st Edition. COMPLETE SET, two volumes in three parts, OF "THE FUNDAMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHICAL BASIS OF ASTRONOMY" (Cambridge University Observatories). Houzeau and Lancaster's General Bibliography of Astronomy to the Year 1880 is a prodigious compilation of all astronomical publications and manuscripts from Antiquity to 1880 and is widely "recognized as the primary bibliographical source for the history of astronomy" (Introduction). Originally published between 1880 and 1889, this 1964 Holland Press edition "reproduces the entire bibliographical content of the original edition, plus the 310 page Introduction to the History of Astronomy (which are both in French), and vastly increases its usefulness by providing an author index together with new editorial material, all of which is added in English, including an introduction explaining the arrangement of the bibliography and a list of errata. "In all Houzeau & Lancaster describe in Volume I some 15,880 printed works and…
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Bibliographia Kepleriana. Ein Führer durch das Gedruckte Schrifttum von Johannes Kepler, 1968 [Inscribed, definitive Kepler bibliography. Fine condition 2nd, extended and preferred edition]
by Kepler, Johannes; Caspar, Max
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Munich: C.H. Beck'sche, 1968. C.H. Beck'sche Munich. [xiv], 181 text, [full index], 86 reproductions of title pages. Inscribed from the bookseller Jeremy Norman to the collector Richard Green. Second and best, expanded edition. The first was issued in 1936, but this extends and includes secondary works until 1967. Tall 4to in fine condition, tightly and solidly bound. Grey boards embossed with blue. Vellum spine. Includes both original paper wrap and slipcase. Important bibliography with the definitive annotated listing of Kepler's printed works, translations, and later editions. Includes both Kepler's works and 574 secondary writings about Kepler to 1967 (Dictionary of Scientific Biography VII, 308). Perfect complete condition.
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Black Hole Explosions?, in Nature, Volume 248, March 1, 1974, pp. 30-31 [HAWKING'S MOST IMPORTANT PAPER IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS]
by Hawking, Stephen
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London: Macmillan, 1974. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF HAWKING'S MOST IMPORTANT PAPER, HERE PREDICTING THAT BLACK HOLES RELEASE BLACKBODY RADIATION NOW KNOWN AS HAWKING RADIATION. Hawking's Royal Society obituary stated: "It is fair to say that Stephen's discovery ranks as one of the most important results ever in fundamental physics" (Carr, et al. ‘Stephen William Hawking CH CBE. 8 January 1942 - 14 March 2018,' Bibliographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 66, June 2019). Running completely counter to prevailing ideas about black holes at the time, Hawking demonstrated that primordial black holes (those with very low mass) would evaporate and explode within a timescale shorter than the age of the Universe. If primordial black holes were formed in the early Universe, these explosions could, in principle, be detected observationally. At its heart, Hawking's theory is an area/entropy equation. It relates the entropy of a black hole (or, in essence, the amount of…
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Blending aviation gasolines - a study in programming interdependent activities in Econometrica 20 Issue 2 pp. 135-160, April 1952 ORIGINAL WRAPS: REFINERY OPTIMIZATION & LINEAR PROGRAMMING
by Charnes, A.; Cooper, W. W.; Mellon, B.
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Econometric Society, 1952. 1st Edition. Complete issue. FIRST EDITION, ORIGINAL WRAPS of the 1st PAPER DESCRIBING THE PIONEERING USE OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING TO OPTIMIZE THE OUTPUT OF A REFINERY. Charnes, Cooper, and Mellon formulated the blending of blending aviation gasolines as a linear programming problem. Their work, presented in the paper offered here, represents "the first and most fruitful industrial application of linear programming... So intense were the results that analogous approaches were immediately applied by the oil industry to exploration and production and distribution as well" (Joly, Refinery Production, Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 2, 2012 "The techniques of linear programming are here explained in a commercial application-blending aviation gasolines. Blending is critically important to almost all other areas of programming in an integrated oil company. Intelligent programming of production, transportation, manufacturing, or marketing generally requires solution of blending problems as an…
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The Botanic Garden; A Poem, in Two Parts. Part I. Containing The Economy of Vegetation. Part II. The Loves of the Plants, 1791
by Darwin, Erasmus
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London: J. Johnson. THE FIRST OF DARWIN'S FOUR MAJOR WORKS, THE BOTANIC GARDEN" IS OFFERED HERE IN TWO HANDSOMELY BOUND VOLUMES (Dictionary of Scientific Biography, III, 578-579). Erasmus Darwin (1732-1802) was a remarkable polymath, working as a physician, naturalist, medical botanist, and inventor. He was also Charles Darwin's grandfather. The Botanic Garden is an annotated scientific poem in Augustan couplets. It appeared in two parts, of which the second, The Loves of the Plants (1789), was published before the first, The Economy of Vegetation (1791). "Darwin decided to publish the second part of the work first because it was better suited "to entertain and charm." The first part of the work is more ambitious than the second, covering all natural philosophy, and embodying many of the researches and inventions of Wedgwood, Watt, Boulton, and others. The design of the totality was, Darwin wrote, ‘To enlist Imagination under the banner of Science... to induce the ingenious to cultivate the…
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Bound States in Quantum Field Theory (Gell-Mann, pp. 350-355) WITH On Nuclear Quadrupole Moments (Sternheimer, pp. 244-254) WITH On a Phenomenological Neutron-Proton Interaction (Schwinger, pp. 194-204) in Physical Review 84, Number 2, 15 October 1951
by Gell-Mann, M. [Murray]; Low, Francis WITH Sternheimer, R. WITH Schwinger, Julian; Feshbach, Herman
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Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1951. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF 3 SIGNIFICANT PAPERS: GELL-MANN & LOW'S THEOREM, STERNHEIMER ON SHIELDING & ANTI-SHIELDING, & SCHWINGER ON PHENOMENOLOGICAL NEUTRON-PROTON INTERACTION. GELL-MANN & LOW: Tackling formalism and the bound-state problem, Gell-Mann and Low's paper is Nobel Prize winner Gell-Mann's first published paper. The theorem and formal derivation they achieve is a "cornerstone in quantum field theory and zero-temperature many-body theory" (Molinari, Journal of Mathematics, 48, 2007). In quantum field theory, the Gell-Mann and Low theorem "allows one to relate the ground (or vacuum) state of an interacting system to the ground state of the corresponding non-interacting theory. The theorem is useful because, among other things, by relating the ground state of the interacting theory to its non-interacting ground state, it allows one to express Green's functions (which are defined as expectation values of Heisenberg-picture…
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Über Diffusion (Fick, pp. 59-86) WITH Ueber die Zusammensetzung von Spectralfarben (Helmholtz, pp. 1-28) WITH Ueber die Empfindlichkeit der menschlichen Netzhaut fuer die brechbarsten Strahlen des Sonnenlichts (Helmholtz, pp. 205-212) in Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 94, 1855
by Fick, A. [Adolf] WITH Helmholtz, [Hermann von]
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Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1855. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF A "SEMINAL" WORK, FICK'S CLASSICAL EQUATION OF DIFFUSION (Philibert, Fick, Einstein, Before and Beyond, 2005, 3). The laws Fick presents in this paper remain "the empirical foundations of many phenomena in the macroscopic world" and were of significant import to Einstein (Lepri, Thermal Transport, 305). Also included are two papers by Helmholtz on optics (see end of write-up). "Today, Fick's Laws form the core of our understanding of diffusion in solids, liquids, and gases (in the absence of bulk fluid motion in the latter two cases)" (Philbert, 5). While this paper also appeared in translation in the Phil Mag (and we offer that work separately, "On Liquid Diffusion") this German original includes ideas that "do not appear in the translation (Philbert, 4). Specifically, "Fick [here makes] allusion to the atomic theory, as accepted by most of the physicists as an aide to get "an insight, a description and a discovery", allowing a…
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Über die Streuung von Neutronen an Protonen (Wigner, pp. 253-258) WITH Bemerkungen zur Quantenmechanik des anharmonischen Oszillators (Pöschl & Teller, pp. 143-151) WITH Hat das negative Energiespektrum einen Einfluß auf Kernphänomene? (Beck, pp. 498-511) in Zeitschrift für Physik 83, 1933
by Wigner, E. P. [Eugene Paul] WITH Pöschl, G. [Herta]; Teller, Edward WITH Beck, G. [Guido]
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Berlin: Julius Springer, 1933. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF A 1933 PAPER BY EUGENE WIGNER DESCRIBING THE SCATTERING OF PROTONS & NEUTRONS; THE PÖSCHL-TELLER POTENTIAL; & GUIDO BECK ON DIRAC'S HOLES THEORY. Full volume. Eugene Paul Wigner (1902-1995) was a Hungarian-American physicist, mathematician and engineer "who made a number of important proposals for how symmetries can be applied to the analysis of quantum mechanics" (History of Physics: The Wenner Collection). In 1963 he received half the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" (Nobel Prize Committee). In quantum mechanics, the scattering of particles is the principal tool by which the microscopic world can be investigated. In this paper, Wigner argues that "The scattering of neutrons on protons is calculated on the assumption that their interaction can be described by a potential…
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