Dictionary, Phrase-Book and Grammar of Fanagalo. The Lingua Franca of Southern Africa as spoken in the Republic of South Africa, Swaziland, Bechuanaland, Rhodesia, Portuguese East Africa, etc. by Bold, J. D

(Johannesburg: Hugh Keartland, 1964). 183 x 125 mm; saddle-stitched printed card wrappers; pp. 80. Wrappers somewhat soiled and foxed; a little foxing elsewhere. Good condition. Sixth, revised edition of a work first produced in 1951. A later edition of the same publication provides this background on the use of Fanagalo/Fanakalo: 'The lingua franca in common use on the mines is called Fanakalo ("like this"). It is generally considered that Fanakalo originated as a result of attempts by Indians employed in the Natal sugar industry to learn English and Zulu at the same time. The larger proportion of the vocabulary of Fanakalo is derived from Zulu, and in addition to English it also contains elements of Xhosa and Afrikaans. Whites were mainly responsible for spreading Fanakalo outside the borders of Natal to the gold and diamond mines and other industries where it soon became established as an effective means of communication between White and Black. It is not intended that Fanakalo should supersede any of the pure African languages which are always used on ceremonial occasions. In the mining industry, however, there are employees from many different language groups. Productivity and safety require every employee to avail himself of the opportunity of learning Fanakalo as rapidly as possible so as to be able to converse with other employees and to be able to give and receive instructions correctly.' - From the Preface of 'Miners' Dictionary / Mynerswoordeboek: English/Fanakalo. Afrikaans/Fanakalo'. The use of Fanagalo is now rejected by southern Africa's indigenous inhabitants, owing to its association with a servile position in society. .