Thomas L. McKenney; Architect of America's Early Indian Policy: 1816-1830

Chicago: Sage Books, The Swallow Press, Inc. First Edition [Stated], First Printing [Stated]. Hardcover. Good/Good. xii, 365, [1] pages. Endpaper map. Frontis illustration. Illustrations. Appendix: Factories and Factors, 1816-1822. Notes. Bibliography. Index. DJ worn and soiled. Some edge soiling. Dr. Herman J. Viola is a curator emeritus at the Smithsonian Institution. Prior to his retirement in 1994, he was director of Quincentenary Programs at the National Museum of Natural History. During his tenure, he organized two major exhibitions: "Magnificent Voyagers," which told the story of the U.S. Exploring Expedition that was conducted from 1838 to 1842, and "Seeds of Change," which focused on the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds as a result of the Christopher Columbus voyages. His professional career also includes serving as Director of the Smithsonian's National Anthropological Archives, where he initiated the Native American Culture Resources Training Program, the Smithsonian's first internship program for American Indians. Thomas Loraine McKenney (21 March 1785 - 19 February 1859) was a United States official who served as Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1824-1830. McKenney was born on March 21, 1785, in Hopewell, Maryland. He was the oldest of five boys was raised and received his education at Chestertown, Maryland. McKenney was a Quaker which influenced his approach to interactions with Native Americans. After the abolishment of the U.S. Indian Trade program in 1822, then Secretary of War John C. Calhoun created a position without legislation within the War Department entitled Superintendent of Indian Affairs. McKenney was appointed to this position and held it from 1824-1830. McKenney was an advocate of the American Indian "civilization" program and became an avid promoter of Indian removal west of the Mississippi River. President Jackson dismissed McKenney in 1830 when Jackson disagreed with his opinion that "the Indian was, in his intellectual and moral structure, our equal.".